1.1. Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth- 19 years:
Age |
Social development |
Physical development |
Intellectual development |
Communication and language development |
Emotional development |
0-3 months |
A baby will only recognise their own needs at this stage, they will cry when they are hungry, wet or in pain.
They will seek comfort in their main care giver who they will have formed the closest bond.
|
Babies grow very quickly at this stage and major developments in in brain function happen.
At this stage babies sleep a lot but will move around much more when awake, moving their arms and legs and trying to lift their head, ultimately learning to roll from their side to their back.
They will respond to multi-sensory activities such as rhymes or finger games.
|
Babies can respond to clear movement and bright colours. They start to remember images at this stage and they can also recognise familiar faces and sounds. |
Babies will start to turn their head towards sounds, this is indicating recognition to familiar sounds this in turn will be comforting to the baby.
At this stage a baby will also try to copy any sounds heard with babbling and gurgling. They will cry to gain attention from their care giver.
|
A baby will develop a strong bond with their main care givers, usually their parents, at this stage.
A routine will be positive at this stage and any changes in this routine may cause a baby to become unsettled.
|
3-9 months |
A baby will start to respond to their name at this stage and become aware of unfamiliar and familiar surroundings and people. They will be wary in these situations. |
At this stage the posterior fontanelle (gap in the skull) will begin to close and they will be able to hold their head up.
Eye colour becomes fixed. A baby will likely learn to roll and crawl during this stage.
They will enjoy songs and simple games at this point.
|
Babies at this stage, will usually start to explore by putting objects into their mouth. They will usually be able to put shapes into containers during this stage. |
Babies during the early stage will start to use their voice more and use sounds such as, ma or da, but at around 7 months will start to use two-syllable works like mama and dada. |
Babies may become unsettled around unfamiliar people and surroundings. They will have developed a strong bond with their main care givers but will also start to show a stronger bond to people they are around on a regular basis. They will start to express dislike. They may become short-tempered, sullen and agitated while teething. |
9-12 months |
During this stage a child will start to understand and respond to basic instructions. They will start to shoe their independence but will still seek and enjoy cuddles. |
A child will usually be starting to crawl or stand using an adult or furniture for support. They will develop the skills of passing objects between their hands as their hand to eye co-ordination improves. They will start to gain teeth and eat solid foods. They will also develop their grasp and start to use a spoon to feed themselves and use a cup.
They will develop the skills to stack objects into small towers.
|
During this stage a child will start to recognise themselves in a mirror. They will start to learn to stack objects and hide objects in familiar places. They can’t distinguish between safe or dangerous at this stage. |
At this stage a baby will start to make different sounds to show their feelings laughing, crying or squealing. They will be able to copy simple sounds for example, moo, woof. |
During this stage a child may start to use the word ‘no’ and ignore instruction if they don’t want to do something. |
12-18 months |
Children at this stage will become more independent, amusing themselves for short periods of time. They will enjoy playing games and respond to basic instructions. |
At this stage a toddler will start to lose their ‘baby fat’ due to learning to walk. They will also develop the skills to climb stairs on all fours. They reach for and point to objects they require, they will also learn to throw objects no longer required. |
A child will point to objects they want or point and say the name of the object. They will continue to enjoy rhyme and action songs. |
A child at this stage will be able to use single word sentences to express need for example ‘drink’ when thirsty or ‘bed’ when tired. |
At this stage it is likely that a child will refuse to do certain tasks or activities such as, wearing a certain pair of socks.
They may also start snatching toys from other children.
|
18-24 months |
At this stage books and stories are enjoyed either one-to-one or in a small group. They may show an interest in helping to tidy away toys or imitating others while playing |
At this stage a child will be able to stack blocks into taller towers.
The gap in the skull will close during this stage. They will also learn to walk upstairs on hands and feet. Some children may begin toilet training during this stage.
|
At this stage a child may start to recognise pictures in books and objects into the correct shape hole. They will be able to follow simple instructions and have a longer concentration span. |
A child’s speech will develop as they start to understand more words that are spoken to them and copy words like their name. They will start to ask question and their vocabulary could have around 150 words. Single words will become short phrases and ultimately sentences. |
At this stage toddlers will start to give hugs and kisses but will still mostly only recognise their own needs. They may find it difficult to share which may lead to conflict. A toddler during this stage may start to show their independence and may become distressed when they don’t get their own way. |
2-3 years |
At this stage children will enjoy role-play and copying older children during games.
They will repeat games or activities that they enjoy.
|
At this stage a child will develop their throwing and kicking skills and using door handles. They will likely have all their milk teeth. They’re balance will be much better, and they will start to climb one step at a time. They will start to use crayons to make marks on paper. |
At this stage a child may enjoy making music as opposed to just making sound. They will now start to remember where they have left or hidden toys or other objects. |
Children at this stage will start remembering words and actions to simple songs. Their vocabulary will have expanded to 100’s of words leading to longer and more complex sentences. They will start to ask more questions such as, Why? |
At this stage children are often impatient and have temper- tantrums. Children of this age may show affection but will still focus mainly on their own needs. They will find it difficult to make choices so will usually take both options. |
3-5 years |
At this stage a child will have made friends outside of family. They will still need adult intervention to resolve conflict. |
At this age a child may be able to dress themselves but may still need help with buttons, zips and laces. They will start to develop their fine motor skills using scissors. They will usually be learning to ride a bike or scooter. |
At this stage a child will be able to tell a story in order. They can usually tell the difference between questions and statements. |
At this stage a child may start to use past tense, their vocabulary will further increase to over 1000 words. Their speech will become clearer, and they will likely speak differently to an adult than they would another child. |
Children at this age will still mostly only consider their own needs. They may often get upset or frustrated when things don’t work or happen as they want it too. |
5-7 years |
At this stage a child will be able to play games fairly, taking turns and playing by more complex rules. Friendships become important during this stage. |
Children at this stage will be able to dress independently.
They are usually completely toilet trained by this stage but may still have occasional ‘accidents’. They may have developed the skills to run, jump, skip and ride a bike.
|
During this stage a child will be able to recognise numbers and count to 20 by themselves. They may become more interested in reading independently.
They may also be able to distinguish lower case letters from capital letters.
|
During this stage a child will be able to communicate ideas and feelings to their peers and adults. They will ask more questions but also be able to answer more fluently. They may be able to tell their name, age, address or birthday. |
At this stage children will need reassurance when they experience failure. They will become much more confident when they fulfil tasks independently. They may start to test their care givers limits by using bad language or blaming others for their wrong doing to avoid disapproval. They may start to show off at this stage to make the people around them laugh. |
7-12 years |
Friendship becomes very important at this stage and a child may start to expand their friendship group. |
From the age of about 8 for girls and 10 for boys a child will normally begin the transition through puberty. |
A child at this point will be able to concentrate for longer and on more complex subjects. They will be able to use a lot more correct grammar and spelling. |
At this stage a child will pick up a lot of their vocabulary and more complex words from the people around them. Their sense of humour will be well developed, they will enjoy sharing it with their peers. |
Will be able to express their feelings. At this stage a child will start to understand other people’s feelings and see from their point of view. At this stage a child will be clear on the difference between right and wrong. Clear rules for behaviour must be set for them to be able to distinguish between winning fairy and only playing to win. |
12- 19 years |
At this stage a young person will likely have a well-formed group of friends that they like to spend time with. Sometimes their friendship group will be the most important thing to them. |
By 15 years old a girl may be at their full height and may have transitioned through puberty. Boys will usually mature slower than girls physically and may still be growing late into their teenage years. During this stage sexual maturity is reached.
During this stage they’re able to develop their skills in sports, music or arts because their fine/gross motor skills control is increased.
|
At this stage a young person may enjoy computer games that challenge them more such as, chess. |
At this stage their humour may change as they start to understand sarcasm. Their confidence in using more complex words will develop. They will be able to understand more complicated language and grammatical structure. They will be able to argue a point and debate their point clearly and with reason. |
There are a lot of changes that a teenager will go through which could result in mood swings and low self- confidence. They’re able to understand action and consequence. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A visual or hearing weakness would very likely influence all parts of an individual`s turn of events. An individual, who doesn`t see well will frequently be avoided from a few proactive tasks due to their wellbeing so for instance, will most likely be unable to participate with a football match-up. An individual who is in need of a hearing aide cannot impart as actually as different youngsters so may need adequate interactive abilities.
Hereditary qualities A kid brought into the world with Down`s Condition will probably have gentle to direct learning troubles as well as various actual appearance which could prompt being harassed by their friends. Cerebral Paralysis is a non-moderate incapacity that influences the cerebrum. It influences the engine elements of the body bringing about restricted development in this manner, influencing actual turn of events.
Correspondence/language hardships An individual might not be able to discuss actually with grown-ups or different kids since they battle with discourse, they might have to see a language teacher. In the event that a youngster doesn`t communicate in English as a first language this could cause a hindrance and impact their social turn of events and their relationship with their companions. A correspondence boundary could make a youngster understand left and baffled.
Learning challenges There are a wide range of levels of learning troubles, some are exceptionally minor and are not generally seen, yet others are extremely clear, and support should be set up to help in any areas required. An individual with learning hardships might battle with perusing, composing and mingling. They might get baffled with themselves as well as other people when they can`t convey their requirements successfully or can`t play out the undertaking they have been set.
Make sense of how kids and youngsters` advancement is affected by a scope of outside factors:
There are a wide scope of outside factors that influence an individual`s improvement, for example,
Instruction A youngster who hasn`t gone to nursery or play gathering might be deficient with regards to the social improvement required when they start school. A youngster/youngster might miss the mark on certainty to request help in class consequently, influencing their scholarly turn of events. A youngster may not get the help required at home to finish schoolwork errands or help with perusing so may fall behind in school work.
Home life-A youngster might reside in a low-pay family which could bring about unfortunate suppers which could defer development or cause medical issues. A family will be unable to bear `elegant` garments or a kid might wear recycled garments which could bring about low self-assurance. Missing guardians who are attempting to accommodate their loved ones. Residing in a skyscraper square of pads could mean there isn`t a yard or safe spot to play outside subsequently, ruining actual turn of events. A youngster brought up in a family with abusive behaviour at home or manhandle may experience the ill effects of low confidence, uneasiness issues or social issues. A kid who goes through extended periods of time sitting in front of the TV or playing PC games will not get sufficient activity conceivably prompting being overweight and lacking interactive abilities.
Care status-Took care of kids frequently move consistently which will influence most parts of improvement, for example, social, they might feel it does not merit framing bonds as they will leave once more. Enthusiastic, they might shape close bonds with their companions then be disturbed when they should leave them. Instruction, they might fall behind on everyday schedule they move consistently. It could likewise cause a few detachment and connection issues which could cause a kid not to need to go to class which will likewise affect their schooling.
Kinships made in school can affect conduct, inspiration and disposition toward friends and grown-ups. Peer strain can massively affect enthusiastic turn of events, attempting to `find a place` with a specific `gathering` or `club` can make a kid/youngster feel un-commendable or have low confidence. In the event that a kid moves homes consistently they might feel it does not merit making new companions so will invest a great deal of energy all alone, this will affect their social and passionate turn of events. Becoming companions with `some unacceptable` gathering can affect on a youngster`s way of behaving, for instance, an adjustment of mentality towards grown-ups and different friends, terrible way of behaving in class and at home.
Clarify how speculations of improvement and system for help advancement impact current practice:
There are numerous speculations about a kid`s turn of events. There are four regions that arrangement with how individuals create these are; Cognitivist, behaviourist, humanism and constructivism.
Behaviourism
Schooling in light of the manner in which we act
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (B. F. Skinner) an alum from Britain who likewise concentrated on brain science at Harvard and acquired his Mama and PhD. Skinner was keen on how conduct could be impacted with positive and negative support. His work has been applied in instructive fields, recovery and the re-foundation of development and language after a stroke for instance.
In all foundations there are severe principles or midlines about how a youngster or youngster would be drawn closer or trained relying upon their way of behaving.
Humanism
The humanist methodology covers the recognizable proof of need and absence of need, the improvement of an arrangement to distinguish the need or satisfy the need, how we distinguish and evaluate the result and the point of view engaged with critical thinking and decision making.
Carl Payment Rogers, a therapist who additionally worked with the General public for the Counteraction of Remorselessness to Youngsters in New York. Out traveling to China is in the same place as him understood that ethical characteristics comparative in all religions, bringing about him embracing a more liberal, comprehensive view which made him question the convictions he had as a youngster.
Satisfying the necessities of every individual in the relevent setting by distinguishing and assessing every individual`s need or absence of need and offering satisfactory help is the obligation of every single instructive foundation.
Constructivism.
`Learning through doing`.
This includes fabricating new structures as well as adjusting them considering new data and experience, as well as concentrating on existing data and systems. Self-roused youngsters who love to learn will have the best involvement in this strategy.
In our setting the kids in the 4+ (gathering) unit will learn regularly by messing around without acknowledging they are learning. For instance, there is generally more than one decision in exercises empowering the kids to choose the exercises. The instructors in this space will show how every action functions as opposed to simply make sense of the principles of every movement in accordance with the hypotheses created by Maria Montessori.
Cognitivism.
Jean Piaget - a specialist from Switzerland accepted that how youngsters think and learn relies upon their transformative phase and their age since how and what a kid realizes depends on their background. As their life and encounters change they might change or adjust their thought process for instance, a kid who has just at any point seen purple blossoms would accept that all blossoms were purple.
Piaget partitioned his hypotheses into four phases;
1. The Sensorimotor Stage - (birth to 2 years)
During this stage it was seen that for a kid, on the off chance that something was available it existed on the off chance that not it as of now not existed.
2. The Preoperational Stage - (2 years to 7 years)
During this stage it was seen that a kid would just zero in on their own viewpoint and could focus on each thing in turn.
3. The Substantial Functional Stage (7 years to 12 years)
During this stage it was seen that a youngster could focus on more than each thing in turn and that a kid could think conceptually.
4. The Formal Functional Stage (12 or more years)
During this stage it was seen that youngsters had the option to get results and consider issues legitimately.
Utilizing Piaget`s hypotheses professionals utilize these advisers for make exercises for the youngsters in their consideration in view of their transformative phase and age.
We presently have various appraisal s in training to evaluate what stage a youngster or youngster is at during each transformative phase.
Clarify how for screen kids and youngsters` advancement utilizing various techniques;
Youngsters and youngsters` improvement is observed in numerous ways. Their improvement is observed routinely to have the option to observe any examples where advancement might be missing or not following the normal example and early mediations can be instituted. Advancement is observed by;
Gathering data from guardians, carers, instructors and, surprisingly, the actual youngster. Gathering however much data as could be expected from individuals nearest to the youngster will assist the expert with monitoring any issues saw by individuals who have been with the kid as they have encountered a wide range of circumstances and how they have adapted.
A wellbeing guest will as a rule complete an advancement check at two years old years, during the advancement check they will notice a kid playing, how well they are mastering language abilities and their development. Guardians will be available during the advancement check and will be posed inquiries about their kid and any worries they might have about any parts of the youngster`s turn of events. All parts of the perception will be examined with the guardian. The advancement look at is conveyed with the goal that experts can recognize any formative postpones early and set up any mediations.
Figure out How PerfectWriters.co.uk Can Help You!
Our scholastic specialists are prepared to help with any composing project you might have. From straightforward paper plans, through to full theses, you can ensure we have an assistance impeccably matched to your necessities.
View our administrations
Noticing a kid in various environmental factors. During perceptions a specialist will see the way a kid acts inside their companionship bunch, how they respond to their environmental elements and how they play and learn. An expert could conceivably collaborate with the ch
They need consolation that this large number of changes is typical for pre-youngsters and teens and that their companions are reasonable encountering similar changes. An open discussion with a grown-up who has proactively encountered this multitude of changes may truly assist them with placing everything into point of view and assist them with feeling more certain inside themselves. Young men likewise disapprove of body change, for example, developing beard growth or their voice breaking. These could become issues particularly with teen young men as their voice breaks, their voice might turn out to be sharp an obviously youngsters will get on any instability somebody has, which could prompt prodding. Some young men develop facial and body hair rapidly and should shave consistently this can likewise make them need certainty as they might trim themselves while shaving causing seriously prodding. Once more, a transparent discussion and a touch of help to conquer these issues will make a remarkable difference to assisting them with acquiring certainty that they can continue on from each progress with a superior arrangement and more certainty.
In some cases when a friend or family member dies it is simple as a grown-up to focus on your own sadness and not comprehend the influence it has on more youthful individuals from the family particularly assuming it is a direct relation for instance your mom or father. Youngsters will attempt to be solid for other relatives and don`t constantly have a source for their own pain. This can be something awful for any individual yet for a youngster it can impact different parts of their turn of events. Guaranteeing that you remember more youthful kids for discussions about the adored one and sharing blissful recollections or perhaps picking blossoms for the memorial service or allowing them to go to the faith gathering to bid farewell could positively affect their psychological advancement helping them not to feel prohibited or insignificant.
Another child showing up is likewise a significant change in a kid`s life, they might feel like they are being supplanted. Consistent consolation and association during the pregnancy is indispensable, likewise permitting a youngster to help when the child shows up will help enormously with their certainty and console them that they are required and needed. Assisting with taking care of the new child or pick an outfit for them to wear will support a youngster`s sensation of being useful.
Positive connections during advances are vital to youngsters and youngsters so they have somebody to talk about what`s going on, make sense of anything they are battling with, console them that all is great and assist with diverting them with exercises and trips.
Bibliography
http://teachingassistantmaterials.blogspot.com/2014/02/the-effects-of-transitions-on-child-and.html
https://www.hwns.com.au/Resource-centre/Types-of-disabilities/Physical-disability/types-of-physical-disabilities
100% Plagiarism Free & Custom Written,
Tailored to your instructions